A new publication from IRATA International has landed.
In Safety Bulletin No. 50, IRATA released a case study exploring the complexities encountered by a rope access team operating within confined shafts.
The case study highlights how the considerations in operational planning and ongoing dynamic risk assessment were essential in ensuring a safe outcome for the task when presented with unpredictable conditions.
Despite robust plans that included gas monitoring, forced ventilation, and emergency drills, the team encountered an unexpected rush of gas during work on one of the shafts. This exposure quickly affected nearby workers who experienced symptoms of nausea, prompting an immediate evacuation and medical assessment, which helped avoid further risk. The event emphasises the potential for sudden unforeseen hazards in confined spaces.
Challenges like restricted movement, complex rescue, and reliance on specialised equipment and communication methods in confined areas are compounded by the potential for hazardous gas buildup, as in this case. These conditions underscore the importance of comprehensive preparation and dynamic risk assessments for a safe job outcome.
For a complete look at the findings from this case study and the safety protocols that the team engaged, download IRATA SAFETY BULLETIN NO. 50. HERE. It includes insights on essential control measures, from atmospheric monitoring to effective rescue planning, and is a helpful resource for managing confined space risks in rope access work.
Each year, Safe Work Australia produces national work health and safety statistics, providing important evidence on the state of work health and safety in Australia.
Understanding the causes of injury and the industries most affected can help reduce work-related fatalities, injuries and disease. Work-related fatalities, injuries and illnesses have a devastating impact on workers, their families and the community. It’s a pretty full on report that really delves into the mechanism of workplace fatalities.
I encourage you to use this article as part of a toolbox talk or safety briefing with teams, to highlight the consequences of dropped objects, and encourage proactive actions taken to prevent dropped objects. Even though the statistics are specific to Australia – many regions face similar data trends when it comes to mechanism of fatality.
What we’re exploring today, is dropped and falling objects.
Why? Because objects have the potential to fall onto or hit people at the workplace or adjoining areas if precautions are not taken. Adjoining areas could include a public footpath, road, square or the yard of a dwelling or other building beside a workplace. Equipment, material, tools and debris that can fall or be released sideways or upwards are also considered falling objects.
From 2003 to 2023, there have been 423 fatalities from being hit by falling objects (Source: SafeWork Australia). It works out to be roughly 10% of all workplace fatalities every year for the last ten years.
It’s alarming that Dropped and Falling Objects have consistently accounted for a relatively equal number of fatalities over the years, especially when compared to Falls from Height
2017-1828 falls from height (15%) 15 being hit by falling objects (8%)
2018-19 18 falls from height (13%) 15 being hit by falling objects (10%)
2019-20 21 falls from height (11%) 21 being hit by falling objects (11%)
2020-21 22 falls from height (11%) 17 being hit by falling objects (9%)
2021-22 19 falls from height (11%) 16 being hit by falling objects (9%)
2022-23 17 falls from height (9%) 17 being hit by falling objects (9%)
Within the rope access world; IRATA International WASA Reports have shown that falling objects / dropped objects are one of the top three significant areas of concern for rope access technicians (WASA 2021, Section 4.6 and WASA 2024, Section 3.6).
Ultimately a PCBU must manage the risks associated with an object falling on a person if it is reasonably likely there is a risk of injury. Adequate protection must be provided to minimise the risk and protect the person. When managing risks, the risk must be eliminated, so far as is reasonably practicable. If elimination is not reasonably practicable, the risks must be minimised so far as is reasonably practicable.
There are two types of falling of dropped objects:
Static: An object that may drop from its previous static position under its own mass, e.g. a light fitting that drops due to its fasteners coming loose over time.
Dynamic: An object that drops from its previous static position due to force being applied by a person, wind, equipment, machinery or moving object, e.g. an object knocked off a platform and dropping to a level below.
Dropping objects, especially in workplace environments like those involving heights, can occur for several reasons, often linked to human, environmental, and mechanical factors. Lets explore some of these in more detail:
Human Factors:
Loss of grip: A worker’s grip may weaken due to sweat, fatigue, or lack of concentration.
Distractions: External noises, unexpected movements, or sudden distractions can cause someone to lose focus and inadvertently drop an object.
Improperhandling: Holding or carrying objects incorrectly can make it difficult to maintain control.
Fatigue: Physical or mental fatigue reduces alertness, slowing reaction times and affecting coordination.
Environmental Factors:
Weather conditions: Wind, rain, or extreme temperatures can make it harder to hold or handle objects securely.
Slippery surfaces: Wet or uneven surfaces increase the likelihood of losing balance, which could lead to dropped items.
Poor lighting: Inadequate visibility can make it harder to judge distance, grip objects properly, or notice hazards.
Mechanical or Equipment Issues:
Improper storage: Items not securely stored or positioned are more prone to falling.
Faulty or inappropriate equipment: Using incorrect or damaged equipment can lead to accidental drops.
Vibration: Operating heavy machinery or tools can cause vibrations, loosening objects or equipment that aren’t well-secured.
Procedural Errors:
Inadequate training: Workers may not be aware of safe handling procedures, or the risks associated with dropping objects.
Poorly defined procedures: If guidelines for securing tools and objects aren’t in place or aren’t followed, this increases the likelihood of drops.
Accidental drops are especially hazardous at heights, as they can cause severe injuries or damage. Proper training, use of tool lanyards, improved storage solutions, and adherence to safety protocols are all critical in reducing these incidents.
I have yet to meet anyone in the working at heights sector who hasn’t experienced a fumble, and dropped an object. It can be all too easy to pass off a fumble, but what is the actual impact of a dropped object?
Well… it’s a lot. A simple measuring tape, dropped 15m may have an impact of 75kg. And it only gets worse from there.
Preventing dropped objects is crucial for maintaining safety, especially in industries involving working at height.
Here are some effective ways to prevent dropped objects:
1. Use Tool Tethering and Lanyards
Attach tools and equipment to secure tethers or lanyards that are fixed to a worker’s harness, belt, or an anchor point.
Ensure that the tether is rated for the weight of the tool and can withstand the forces it might encounter if dropped.
2. Install Guardrails and Toe Boards
Guardrails and toe boards around work areas prevent objects from accidentally being knocked off elevated surfaces.
They act as physical barriers, particularly useful on platforms, scaffolding, and ladders.
3. Use Tool Holsters and Pouches
Workers can use tool holsters or specially designed pouches for secure storage, which keeps tools organized and prevents them from falling when not in use.
Pouches with self-closing tops are especially effective to ensure items don’t fall out during movement.
4. Implement Safety Netting or Catch Platforms
Safety nets or catch platforms installed below work areas can intercept any dropped objects before they hit workers or equipment below.
Nets are particularly useful in open spaces or areas with significant drop distances.
5. Use Drop Zones and Barricades
Mark designated “drop zones” and restrict access beneath areas where overhead work is occurring to minimize exposure to potential falling objects.
Erect warning signs and physical barriers around these areas to prevent unauthorized entry.
6. Regularly Inspect and Maintain Tools and Equipment
Check tools, tool tethers, and other equipment for signs of wear and tear that could lead to accidental drops.
Implement routine inspections and replace or repair any worn or damaged items.
7. Provide Worker Training and Awareness Programs
Educate workers about the importance of securing objects and using safety equipment.
Training should cover best practices for handling tools, securing materials, and recognizing potential hazards.
8. Use Magnetic or Adhesive Mats in Certain Environments
For areas where small, metallic objects might fall, magnetic mats can catch objects that would otherwise be difficult to see or secure.
Adhesive mats or strips can help keep small objects, such as screws or bolts, in place on elevated work surfaces.
9. Enforce a Clean-As-You-Go Policy
Regularly remove any loose objects, tools, or materials that aren’t immediately needed.
This minimizes the number of objects present at height, reducing the risk of them being knocked off.
Combining these controls provides a robust strategy to prevent dropped objects, and having a comprehensive safety plan that includes regular audits can further improve compliance and safety in the workplace.
And remember – your actions and behaviours at work can influence a strong change in work practices. Don’t be afraid of stepping up and doing the right thing to prevent dropped or falling objects.
Article written for the Working at Height Association.
Working at heights is one of the most hazardous tasks across various industries, including construction, maintenance, telecommunications, and energy. Falls from heights consistently rank among the leading causes of workplace injuries and fatalities worldwide. In Australia alone, falls from a height accounted for 15% of worker fatalities in 2024, underscoring the need for comprehensive safety protocols. One of the most critical components of these safety measures is training.
Organizations like the Working at Heights Association (WAHA) are dedicated to improving industry standards and promoting the importance of training in this high-risk sector. Let’s explore why training is essential and how it contributes to a safer working environment.
In many countries, including Australia, workplace safety laws mandate that workers exposed to heights undergo appropriate training to ensure workers are competent. Compliance with these regulations is not just about avoiding fines or penalties; it is about safeguarding lives. The Australian Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act outlines stringent requirements for businesses to ensure workers are competent to perform high-risk tasks. Training ensures that employees understand these legal obligations and can apply safe work practices in the field.
Working at heights involves a complex array of hazards, from unstable surfaces and weather conditions to the misuse of equipment. Comprehensive training programs teach workers to identify these risks, assess potential dangers, and implement controls to mitigate them. With this knowledge, workers are better equipped to handle the unpredictable nature of working at heights, minimizing the likelihood of accidents.
Training for the effective use of PPE is a cornerstone of working at heights safely. Harnesses, lanyards, anchors, and fall arrest systems are critical for protecting workers from injury or death in case of a fall. However, PPE is only as effective as the user’s knowledge of how to use it properly. Training ensures that workers understand the types of PPE available, how to inspect their gear, and how to correctly wear and use it for maximum safety. Regular refresher courses ensure that workers stay updated on new technologies and safety equipment.
Training provides workers with the practical skills needed to perform tasks safely at heights. These courses often include hands-on practice in real-world scenarios, which boosts worker competence and confidence. When workers feel confident in their abilities, they are less likely to make errors that can lead to accidents. Proper training can transform a potentially hazardous job into a manageable, routine task by fostering a sense of professionalism and self-assurance in workers.
Reducing Incidents and Improving Safety Culture
A well-trained workforce is a safer workforce. Studies show that companies with robust safety training programs have fewer incidents and injuries compared to those that do not prioritize training. Training programs promote a culture of safety within organizations, encouraging workers to take responsibility for their own safety and that of their colleagues. This proactive approach leads to fewer workplace accidents and injuries, resulting in better outcomes for both employees and employers.
Rescue and Emergency Response
While preventing falls is a top priority, it is equally important to prepare for emergencies. In the event of an accident, a fast and effective response can be the difference between life and death. Training workers in rescue operations ensures that they know how to react quickly, efficiently, and safely in case of a fall. This training covers the use of equipment such as rescue kits and proper techniques for retrieving a fallen worker, minimizing the time between an incident and medical intervention.
Cost-Effectiveness
While investing in training programs might seem like an added expense, it is a long-term cost-saving measure. Injuries and fatalities due to falls from heights can lead to significant financial losses for businesses through medical costs, legal fees, insurance premiums, and downtime. By reducing the likelihood of incidents, training can protect businesses from these financial risks, while also ensuring the well-being of their workforce.
There are also immediate productivity gains as a by-product of a more competent, aware and effective workforce. The ability to navigate the space more efficiently leads directly to greater, and safer, output.
Training in the working at heights sector is essential to protect workers from the dangers of falls and ensure compliance with safety regulations. It helps in hazard recognition, proper use of PPE, and instils a culture of safety and preparedness. Organizations such as the Working at Heights Association (WAHA) advocate for high standards of training, which are key to reducing incidents, improving response times in emergencies, and creating a safer workplace overall.
By investing in quality training programs, businesses not only protect their employees but also foster a more productive and secure working environment. The emphasis on continuous learning and upskilling within this sector is vital, as advancements in safety practices and technology continue to evolve, making training an ongoing necessity for all who work at heights.
For more information on safety standards and training opportunities, explore our website www.waha.org.au
Another year, another Work and Safety Analysis (WASA) Report from IRATA International, and yet again …. It has been noted that companies are under reporting.
If you didn’t know, Member Companies of IRATA International (the worlds leading authority on industrial rope access), are required to report any serious accident, incident, or a ‘dangerous occurrence’ within 7 days. It’s been a long-standing requirement of IRATA, and over the years … it would seem that the vast majority of Member Companies still struggle with this requirement.
During my time on the IRATA International Health & Safety Committee I spoke about it during multiple RAC meetings and challenged our region to do better. We did – for a period of time. But there is still a lag in accident and incident reporting.
2011 WASA Report – “The increasing trend to report dangerous occurrences should be encourages, particularly when relevant to rope access.”
2014 WASA Report – “Members should be reminded of the requirement to report all accidents and incidents, however trivial.”
2017 WASA Report – “The low level of reported events, particularly ‘dangerous occurrences’, in relation to the over employment level and hours worked, continues to be of concern.”
2024WASA Report – “Of the 267 accidents and incidents analysed, 124 reports (46.4%) were linked to 7 companies. These 7 companies account for just 4.78% of all hours worked. It seems likely that this is due to the lack of reporting by the majority as opposed to poor performance by the few.”
IRATA have identified under-reporting as an issue for the Association, again and again. To the point where they published two Topic Sheets, one on Accident and Incident Reporting (No. 23) and another on Near Miss and Under Reporting (No. 27) in 2022.
Despite each region having its own legal requirements, the principles of reportable incidents remain the same.
In broad terms, a “reportable accident” is:
The death of a person.
A serious injury, e.g. a fracture, loss of consciousness, etc.
Incapacitation, e.g. injured and away from work for over 7 days.
Some occupational diseases, e.g. hand arm vibration syndrome, or.
Certain dangerous occurrences.
So why is under reporting still occurring?
Companies and individuals may underreport incidents for several reasons:
One of the most common reasons is fear of negative consequences.
Companies may fear that reporting incidents could lead to financial penalties, increased insurance premiums, or scrutiny from regulatory bodies. This fear sometimes motivates companies to avoid reporting to minimize perceived negative outcomes.
For individuals, the fear may be loss of job, or other penalties or restrictions applied to the worker, impacting their income or standing at work.
Reporting incidents provides IRATA with valuable data; data that can be evaluated and resources created to increase awareness and help prevent accidents from occurring again in the future. Lessons can be learned from accidents. Reporting them ensures a business doesn’t become complacent or dismissive of its personnel. Reporting promotes a positive safety culture within the organisation. The more people who report incidents, more serious accidents – and fatalities – can be prevented.
Companies and individuals may also have a concern for their reputation.
A company’s public image and reputation are vital in competitive industries. It is perceived that by reporting incidents, especially serious ones, it can affect how clients, stakeholders, and the public view the company’s commitment to safety. Likewise, how a person is perceived at work, their reputation in a niche industry, and how there are treated may impact their decision to report incidents or safety concerns.
IRATA do not disclose names or company details. The data that is reported is reviewed by the Health & Safety Committee – who all bound to a code of conduct and a non-disclosure agreement. The data is anonymised when it is reported in the WASA or stripped back to a case study for Topic Sheets and Safety Bulletins.
Another deterrent of incident reporting is a ‘Blame Culture’. Why report it if the company blames someone for it occurring in the first place? As noted in the IRATA International Work and Safety Analysis report of 2024, some companies may operate within a “blame culture” where incidents are seen as failures that should be hidden rather than learning opportunities. This culture discourages open reporting and reduces transparency around safety.
There is also the educational piece: people simply may not know they are to report incidents or safety concerns (and loop back to being afraid of reporting something if they are new to the business). Lack of awareness of reporting requirements should be an easy one to tackle for Member Companies – every induction should cover off on the importance of incident reporting. But in some organizations, there may be limited understanding of the value of thorough incident reporting as part of a safety management system. Without robust training on incident reporting’s role in improving safety, workers and management may not prioritize it.
There may also be an inadequate reporting system in place. Companies without streamlined, accessible reporting systems may find that employees and supervisors overlook reporting requirements, especially if reporting is seen as complex or time-consuming.
So how can a company (and individuals) improve on incident reporting?
To improve incident reporting, you can take several practical steps:
1. Cultivate a Safety Culture: Encourage a “just culture” over a blame culture, where employees feel safe to report incidents without fear of blame or punishment. Emphasize that incidents and near-misses are learning opportunities, not failures. Management should lead by example, discussing safety openly and rewarding transparency.
2. Simplify Reporting Processes: Make the reporting process straightforward and accessible. Implement an easy-to-use digital platform or app for incident reporting, reducing the effort and time required. This increases the likelihood that employees will report incidents, particularly near-misses.
3. Train Employees on Reporting Importance: Educate all employees on the value of incident reporting for both individual and organizational safety. Training should highlight how reporting helps prevent future incidents and contributes to everyone’s well-being.
4. Use Leading and Lagging Indicators: Incorporate both lagging indicators (such as the number of reported incidents) and leading indicators (like safety observations, near-miss reporting, and training participation). Focusing on both types of data helps companies assess safety culture and make proactive improvements.
5. Conduct Safety Conversations and Observations: Regular “safety conversations” between supervisors and employees encourage ongoing dialogue about risks and safety practices. Routine observations also help supervisors identify unreported hazards and address them before they lead to incidents.
6. Provide Feedback and Recognition: Share feedback with employees on reported incidents, including actions taken to resolve issues and improve safety. Recognizing and rewarding those who report incidents, especially near-misses, reinforces the message that reporting is valued.
7. Benchmark and Set Reporting Goals: Benchmark incident reporting rates against industry standards to identify gaps. Set achievable goals for incident reporting and monitor progress over time. This encourages teams to view reporting as part of a larger safety objective rather than an isolated activity.
By focusing on these steps, companies can make incident reporting more consistent, transparent, and beneficial for improving workplace safety.
